Selected literature relevant to avian shadow boxing (last updated on 19 November 2023) 

Allen JA (ed) 1879. Odd Behavior of a Robin and a Yellow Warbler. Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club 4: 178-182.

Andrews E 1966. Slate-Colored Junco Response to Mirror. Bird-Banding 37: 206.

Barnard ED 1902. Drought in Queensland. The Emu I: 146-147.

Bent AC 1949. Eastern Bluebird. Bent AC (ed). Life Histories of North American Thrushes, Kinglets, and Their Allies: 233-260.

Bent AC 1968. Eastern Cardinal. Austin jr OL (ed). Life histories of North American cardinals, grosbeaks, buntings, towhees, finches, sparrows and allies: 1-15.

Bent AC 1968. Eastern Purple Finch. Austin jr OL (ed). Life histories of North American cardinals, grosbeaks, buntings, towhees, finches, sparrows and allies: 264-278.

Brackbill H 1969. A  Carolina  Wren  shadow-boxing. The Wilson Bulletin 81: 470.

Britton KG 1944. A Deluded Sparrow. Nature 153: 559-560.

Brown H 1937. Aggressive display of birds before a looking-glass.  British  Birds  31: 137-138.

Burrell H 1908. Malurus fighting its shadow. The Emu VIII: 95.

Burroughs J 1894. Glimpses of Wildlife. In: Riverby. Houghton, Mifflin and Company, Boston and New York: 191-193.

Callaghan CT 2017. ‘Shadow-boxing’ by A Northern Mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos). Florida Field Naturalist 45(1): 21-23.

Censky EJ, Ficken MS 1982. Responses of Black-capped Chickadees to mirrors. The Wilson Bulletin 94: 590-594.

Cleland JB 1909. Malurus fighting its shadow. The Emu VIII: 151.

Davis DE 1940. Social nesting habits of the Smooth-billed Ani. The Auk 57: 179-218.

Dennis CJ 1935. The Besting of Bombastes. The Singing Garden.

Diamond J, Bond AB 1989. Lasting responsiveness of a kea (Nestor notabilis) towards its mirror image. Avicultural Magazine 89: 92-94

Dickey DR 1916. The Shadow-Boxing of Pipilo. The Condor 18: 93-99.

Dickinson jr JC 1968. Rufous-sided Towhee. Austin jr OL (ed). Life histories of North American cardinals, grosbeaks, buntings, towhees, finches, sparrows and allies: 562-579

Epstein R, Koerner J 1986. The Self-Concept and other Daemons. In: Suls J, Greenwald A (eds). Psychological Perspectives on the Self, Vol. 3. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ:  27–53.

Fletcher JA 1904. Bird notes from Wilmot, Tasmania. Part III. The Emu IV: 17.

Forbush EH 1929. Birds of Massachusetts and Other New England States; Land birds from sparrows to thrushes. Norwood Press, Norwood, Massachusetts: 80.

Ford FBC 1903. Clermont (Q.) Notes. The Emu III: 125-126.

Gough K 1936. Starling and reflection. Irish Naturalists’ Journal 6: 75.

Hindwood KA 1941. Birds and their reflections. Basset Hull AF, Iredale T (eds). Proceedings of the Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales: 20-29.

Koumly PM 1893. Behavior of a Summer Tanager. The Auk 10: 367-368.

Kusayama T, Bischof HJ, Watanabe S 2000. Responses to mirror-image stimulation in jungle crows (Corvus macrorhynchos). Animal Cognition 3: 61-64.

LaBarbera K 2012. Juncos do not understand mirrors.

Laskey AR 1944. A Study of the Cardinal in Tennessee. The Wilson Bulletin 56: 27-44.

Medina FS, Taylor AH, Hunt GR, Gray RD 2011. New Caledonian crows’ responses to mirrors. Animal Behaviour 82: 981-993.

Pepperberg IM, Garcia SE, Jackson EC, Marconi S 1995. Mirror use by African grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus). Journal of Comparative Psychology 109: 189–195.

Pitt F 1944. Observations on Bird Behaviour. Nature 154: 801.

Prior H, Schwarz A, Güntürkün O 2008. Mirror-induced behavior in the magpie (Pica pica): Evidence of self-recognition. PLoS Biology 6(8): e202. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060202.

Reed WR 1938. A female Cardinal fights her reflection. The Migrant 9: 17-18.

Ritter WE, Benson SB 1934. Is the poor bird demented? Another case of ‘shadow boxing’. The Auk 51: 169-179.

Robertson JM 1935. Bush-tits ‘Shadow-boxing’. Condor 37: 257-258.

Roerig J 2013. Shadow boxing by birds – a literature study and new data from southern Africa. Ornithological Observations Vol 4: 39-68.

Ryan MJ 1978. Mirror image versus conspecific stimulation in adult male Zebra Finches. The Wilson Bulletin 90: 295-297.

SB 1902. A fighting flycatcher. The Emu II: 28.

Skead CJ 1953. A study of the Black Sunbird Chalcomitra amethystina amethystina (Shaw). Ostrich: Journal of African Ornithology 24: 159-166.

Skead CJ 1954. A study of the Larger Double-collared Sunbird Cinnyris afra afra (Linnaeus). Ostrich: Journal of African Ornithology 25: 76-88.

Skead CJ 1954. A study of the Cape Wagtail Motacilla capensis. Ibis: the International Journal of Avian Science 96: 91-103.

Skead CJ 1962. A study of the Collared Sunbird Anthreptes collaris (Vieillot). Ostrich: Journal of African Ornithoislogy 33: 38-40.

Skead CJ 1967. The Sunbirds of Southern Africa : Also the Sugarbirds, The White-Eyes and the Spotted Creeper. A. A. Balkema, Cape Town.

Solomon D, Solomon S 2012 (eds) 2012. The window bashers of 254 Martial Eagle. The Raptor;  Raptor’s View Wildlife Estate News May 2012: topic 5.

Stephenson EM, Stewart C 1944. Observations on Bird Behaviour. Nature 154: 801.

Stiteler S 2011. Angry birds hitting your windows.

Stull WD 1968. Spizella passerina. Austin jr OL (ed). Life histories of North American cardinals, grosbeaks, buntings, towhees, finches, sparrows and allies: 1166-1184.

Sudhaus W 2019. Spiegelgefechte eines Haussperlings Passer domesticus im Vergleich mit anderen Vogelarten. Berliner ornithologischen Bericht 29: 46–57.

Sutton GM 1947. A female Cardinal and her reflection. Bird-Banding 18: 151-154.

Temby ID 2004. Urban wildlife issues in Australia. In: Shaw WW, Harris LK, VanDruff L (eds). Proceedings 4th International Urban Wildlife Symposium. University of Arizona, Tucson, USA: 26-34.

The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds 2012. Birds attacking windows.

Tyler WM 1949. Eastern Robin. Bent AC (ed). Life Histories of North American Thrushes, Kinglets, and Their Allies: 14-45

Verea C 2018. Some Venezuelan wild bird species that box against their own reflections. Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia 26(3): 192–195.

Verea C 2023. Shadow boxing: nine new records of Venezuelan wild birds’ species that fight their own reflections. Revista Venezolana de Ornitología 13: 51–55.

Vogelbescherming Nederland 2011. Vogels die tegen het raam vliegen.

Yeatman H 1936. Cardinal Chronicles. The Migrant 7: 22-23.

Wee YC 2014. Tag ‘collision-reflection’. Bird Ecology Study Group Blog.